Cocaine from South America to the United States – report from UNODC

What is the nature of this market?
The history of cocaine trafficking from South America to
the United States has been well documented. The flow
peaked in the 1980s. During most of this time, Colombian
traffickers dominated the market, and they often preferred
to use the Caribbean as a transit area. Due to vigorous law
enforcement, the Colombian groups were weakened in the
1990s, and Mexican groups progressively assumed control
of most of the trafficking chain.
As a product of this shift, an ever-increasing share of the
cocaine entering the United States did so over the southwestern
land border. Initially, direct shipments to Mexico
were favoured, with stopovers in Central America largely….
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